Every year on the night of 5th January, Italian children eagerly anticipate the arrival of La Befana, a figure steeped in both folklore and tradition.
This kindly old woman rides her broomstick through the skies, delivering sweets to well-behaved children and lumps of coal to those who have been naughty. While often compared to Santa Claus, La Befana is uniquely Italian and holds a special place in the country’s cultural fabric.
The Origins of La Befana
The roots of La Befana’s story are complex and interwoven with Italy’s pagan and Christian past. One theory suggests she is a version of Strenia, a Roman goddess associated with the New Year and gifts.
During ancient Roman times, people exchanged offerings in her honour, which may have influenced the Befana’s association with presents. However, La Befana only became a nationwide tradition during the 20th century, spreading from her origins in central and southern Italy.
The Tradition
On Epiphany Eve, families prepare for the Befana’s visit by leaving out food and a glass of wine, Italy’s version of milk and biscuits for Santa Claus. She is often depicted as a kind but dishevelled old woman, dressed in tattered clothes, with a soot-covered face from descending chimneys.
Uniquely, her broomstick isn’t just for flying. The Befana sweeps the floors of every house she visits, symbolising a clean slate and the sweeping away of the previous year’s troubles.
Good children wake up on January 6 to stockings filled with sweets and small gifts, while those who misbehaved find coal. Today, the “coal” is often made of black sugar.
Legends Surrounding La Befana
Several Christian legends seek to explain the origins of La Befana’s gift-giving journey:
- The Three Wise Men: According to one tale, the Magi stopped at the Befana’s house while following the star to Bethlehem. They asked for directions and shelter, which she graciously provided. However, she declined to join them on their journey, saying she had chores to complete. Later, regretful, she set out to find them but was unable to catch up. To this day, she continues to search, leaving gifts for children along the way.
- The Bereaved Mother: Another version tells of a mother who lost her child. When she heard of Jesus’ birth, she visited him, bringing gifts in the hope he was her son. Jesus, touched by her offering, made her the mother of all children in Italy, inspiring her mission of delivering gifts.
