Italy’s centuries-old tradition of manual bell ringing has been recognised as an invaluable cultural treasure. UNESCO inscribed the practice onto its Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity during its 19th session in 2024.
Manual bell ringing, or suono delle campane a mano, is a form of communication deeply rooted in Italian heritage. The practice encompasses more than just sound—it involves an intricate understanding of bell classification, acoustics, and the architectural design of bell towers and belfries. For generations, bell ringers (campanari) have transformed bells into musical instruments, employing unique techniques and styles that vary across Italy’s regions.
A Language of Bells
Manual bell ringing serves multiple purposes, from marking the passage of time to announcing local events. It plays a central role in religious festivals and traditional celebrations, acting as both a communal heartbeat and a storyteller of shared history. The unique sound of manually rung bells resonates deeply within communities, reinforcing a sense of identity and continuity.
The craft is described as a language in itself, conveying messages and emotions through its nuanced tones and rhythms. It also fosters intergenerational and intercultural dialogue, offering a bridge between the past and the present.
Transmission of Tradition
The knowledge and skills of manual bell ringing are passed down through both informal and formal channels. Traditionally, campanari teach their craft through hands-on mentorship, often within families or local organisations. A maestro campanero (master bell ringer) volunteers to guide apprentices, imparting not only technical expertise but also an appreciation for the tradition’s acoustic and cultural significance.
Additionally, the tradition has found a place in educational institutions, where students of music and architecture study its technical and historical aspects. This dual approach ensures the preservation of this living heritage while inspiring new generations to engage with it.
A Shared Honour
Italy’s inclusion follows Spain’s recognition on the intangible cultural heritage list in 2022. Both countries celebrate the practice as a vital expression of community identity and heritage.
The Federazione Nazionale Suonatori di Campane, Italy’s national federation of bell ringers, spearheaded the nomination. Their efforts underscore the importance of preserving manual bell ringing as a vibrant and meaningful tradition that continues to unite communities.
In 2023, Italian opera singing made the same list.
